In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, all of us need to know how to learn well. Yet evidence suggests that most of us don’t use the learning techniques that science has proved the most effective.
The scientific literature evaluating these techniques goes back to decades and across thousands of articles. It’s far too extensive and complex for the average parent, teacher or employer to look through. Fortunately, a team of five leading psychologists have done the job for us.
Professor John Dunlosky and other psychologists closely examined 10 learning strategies and rated each from high to low utility(实用) on the basis of the evidence they’ve gathered. Here’s part of their conclusions:
In contrast to familiar practices, the effective learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the lab. Take distributed practice, for example. This strategy involves spreading out your study time, rather than engaging in one marathon. Cramming (死记硬背）information at the last minute may allow you to get through that test or meeting, but the material will quickly disappear from your memory. It’s much more effective to look through the material at intervals over time.
And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it’s two weeks or two years, the longer the intervals should be.
The second learning strategy that is highly recommended by Dunlosky is practice testing. Yes, more tests---but there not for a grade. Research shows that the mere act of calling information to mind strengthens that knowledge and aids in future retrieval (检索). While practice testing is not a common strategy---despite the strong evidence supporting it ---there is one familiar approach that captures its benefits: using flash cards. And now flash cards can be presented in digital form. Both distributed practice and practice testing were rated as having “high utility” by Dunlosky.
小题1:How did the psychologists study and rate the learning strategies?
A．By analyzing the materials gathered in the past years.
B．By asking some students questions about their study.
C．By doing some experiments on the objects in the lab.
D．By asking parents and teachers to look through the articles.
小题2:The underlined word “extensive” in Para.2 means _____.
A．small in amount
B．easy or quick to do
C．more than is needed
D．dealing with a lot of information
小题3:About distributed practice and practice testing, it’s true that _____.
A．many students have benefited a lot from them
B．they were first put forward by John Dunlosky
C．only a small number of experts know about them
D．psychologists are studying whether they are effective
小题4:The strategy of distributed practice shows that ______.
A．we should not study for long hours every day
B．reviewing what we have studied is of little help
C．the shorter the interval is, the better we’ll study
D．doing repetition at intervals is the best way
小题5:The evidence shows that the strategy of practice testing ______.
A．is a way to use flash cards to help study
B．is mainly used to help us remember well
C．helps know about students’ grades in time
D．is a way widely used to strengthen memory
答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:B
试题分析：
文章介绍为了让我们学习的更好记得更牢，专家列出一些学习技巧，让人们通过了解分配的练习和练习测试，达到更好的效果。
小题1:细节题：从文章第二段的句子：The scientific literature evaluating these techniques goes back to decades and across thousands of articles.可知心理学家是通过分析过去的几年材料研究和评估学习策略，选A
小题2:猜词题：从第二段的句子：The scientific literature evaluating these techniques goes back to decades and across thousands of articles.It’s far too extensive and complex for the average parent, teacher or employer to look through.可知这对普通的父母和老师雇主浏览的时候都是太多的信息和太复杂，“extensive”的意思是处理很多信息，选D
小题3:细节题：从文章第四段的句子：In contrast to familiar practices, the effective learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the lab.可知只有少数的专家了解分配的练习和练习测试，选C
小题4:细节题：从文章第四段的句子：It’s much more effective to look through the material at intervals over time.可知分配练习策略表明隔一段时间重复是最好的方法，选D
小题5:细节题：从文章第一段的句子：In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, all of us need to know how to learn well.可知练习策略主要是用来帮助我们记忆的更好，选B
考点名称：科教类阅读
科教类阅读的概念：
科教类阅读主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。