阅读理解。

What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that?

For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say "I wish I could help you,

but I am short of money myself." In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not

paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of southern California has made a scientific study of lying.

According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling a "white lie", such as when a

woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it's terrible. However,

this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies,

such as making a promise that they have no intention of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and

businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in

some way.

Research has been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, unimportant ways

when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their

chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying "I wish I were somewhere else now". They

also tend to touch certain parts of the face, particularly the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying

causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to changes and the increased

pressure makes it itch.

Another gesture that gives liars away is what the writer Decmond Morris in his book Man Watching

calls the "mouth cover". He says that there are several typical forms of this,such as covering part of the

mouth with the fingers, touching the upper lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side off the mouth. Such

a gesture can be understood as an unconscious (未察觉的) attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself from

lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, moving about in a chair can not be

taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to happen more often in this situation. It is one

gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context (上下文)

which the lie is told.

1. According to the passage, a white lie seems to be a lie _____.

[     ]

A. that other people believe

B. that other people don't believe

C. told in order not to hurt someone's feelings

D. told in order to take advantage of someone

2. Research suggests that women _____.

[     ]

A. are better at telling less serious lies than men

B. generally lie for more than men do

C. often make promises they intend to break

D. lie at parties more often than men do

3. Researchers find that when a person tells lies _____.

[     ]

A. his blood pressure increases measurably

B. he looks very serious

C. he is likely to make some small changes in his behavior

D. he uses his unconscious mind

4. The writer of the passage _____.

[     ]

A. hates lying

B. enjoys lying

C. often tells a lie

D. tries to study about lying

5. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a sign of lying?

[     ]

A. Touching one's ears

B. Rubbing the nose

C. Moving in a chair

D. Covering the mouth

答案

1-5: C A C D A

考点名称：科教类阅读

科教类阅读的概念：

科教类阅读主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力。试题的取材，密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科技等方面的变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。

科教类文章阅读技巧：

一、材料特点：

这类文章的总体特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。具体说来它有以下几个特点：

1、文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。这类文章通常不会出现文学英语中采用的排比、比喻、夸张等修辞手法，一词多义的现象也不多见。

2、句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。

3、常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。

二、命题特点：

科普类阅读的主要命题形式有事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题以及主旨概括题等，其中推理判断题居多。

三、应对策略：

1、要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。

2、要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。

3、在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。